p. Provisions
i) General
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as aresult of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits willbe required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of theobligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example,under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only whenthe reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in thestatement of profit and loss net ofany reimbursement.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre¬tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used,the increase in the provision due to the passage oftime is recognised as a finance cost.
q. Employee benefits
i) Short-term employee benefit obligations
Liabilities for wages and salaries including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settledwholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the relatedservice are recognised in respect of employees' services up to the end of the reporting period andare measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities arepresented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.
ii) Other long-term employee benefit obligations
The liabilities for earned leave are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the endof the period in which the employees render the related service. They are therefore measured asthe present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided byemployees up to the end of the reporting period using the projected unit credit method. Thebenefits are discounted using the appropriate market yields at the end ofthe reporting period thathave terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. Remeasurements as a result ofexperience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in profit or loss.
The obligations are presented as current liabilities in the balance sheet if the entity does not havean unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting period,regardless ofwhen the actual settlement is expected to occur.
Hi) Post employment benefits
Defined Contribution plan
Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Companyhas no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Companyrecognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expense, when an employeerenders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received beforethe balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme isrecognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution alreadypaid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excessis recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reductionin future payment or a cash refund.
Defined benefit plan
The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan in India, which requires contributions to bemade to a separately administered fund.
The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unitcredit method.
Remeasurements, comprising ofactuarial gains and losses, the effect ofthe asset ceiling, excludingamounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets(excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognisedimmediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings throughOCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss insubsequent periods.
Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of:
? The date ofthe plan amendment or curtailment, and
? The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs
Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset.The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expensein the statement of profit and loss:
? Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses oncurtailments and non-routine settlements; and
? Net interest expense or income
r. Contributed equity
Equity shares are classified as equity.
Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as adeduction, net oftax, from the proceeds.
s. Dividends
Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorised and nolonger at the discretion of the entity, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributedat the end of the reporting period.
t. Earnings per share
i) Basic earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing:
• The profit attributable to owners of the company
• By the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the financial year,adjusted for bonus elements in equity shares issued during the year and excluding treasury shares
ii) Diluted earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per shareto take into account:
• the after income tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutivepotential equity shares, and
• the weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstandingassuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.
u. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets:
Provision: A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal orconstructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economicbenefits will be required to settle the obligation.
Contingent Liability: A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligationor a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Where thereis a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resourcesis remote, no provision or disclosure is made.
Contingent Asset: Contingent assets are not recognized in the financial statements. However,contingent assets are assessed continually and if it is virtually certain that an outflow of economicbenefits will arise, the asset and related income are recognized in the period in which the changeoccurs.
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financialliability or equity instrument ofanother entity.
i) Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets notrecorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisitionof the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within atime frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) arerecognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.
Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:
? Debt instruments at amortised cost
? Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
? Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss(FVTPL)
? Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)Debt instruments at amortised cost
A 'debt instrument' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collectingcontractual cash flows, and
b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solelypayments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assetsare subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (ElR) method.Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and feesor costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in theprofit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit or loss. This categorygenerally applies to trade and other receivables.
Debt instrument at FVTOCI
A 'debt instrument' is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:
a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows andselling the financial assets, and
b) The asset's contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at eachreporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensiveincome (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversalsand foreign exchange gainor loss in the P&L. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or losspreviously recognised in OCI is reclassified from the equity to P&L. Interest earned whilst holdingFVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.
FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet thecriteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.
In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meetsamortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing soreduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as 'accountingmismatch'). The Company has not designated any debt instrument as at FVTPL.
Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changesrecognized in the P&L.
Equity investments
Equity investments in Subsidiaries, Associates and joint ventures are measured at cost as per Ind AS27.
All other equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instrumentswhich are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Companymay make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changesin the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. Theclassification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes onthe instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amountsfrom OCI to P&L, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulativegain or loss within equity.
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changesrecognized in the P&L.
Derecognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similarfinancial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company's balance sheet) when:
? The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or
? The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed anobligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a 'pass¬through' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks andrewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all therisks and rewards ofthe asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered intoa pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewardsof ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all ofthe risks and rewardsof the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise thetransferred asset to the extent ofthe Company's continuing involvement. In that case, the Companyalso recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability aremeasured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measuredat the lower ofthe original carrying amount ofthe asset and the maximum amount of considerationthat the Company could be required to repay.
ii) Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value throughprofit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowingsand payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings includingbank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.
The measurement offinancial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading.Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose ofrepurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments enteredinto by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships asdefined by Ind AS 109. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit orloss.
Loans and borrowings
This is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loansand borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains andlosses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through theEIR amortisation process.
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and feesor costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in thestatement of profit and loss. This category generally applies to borrowings.
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelledor expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender onsubstantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such anexchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognitionof a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statementof profit or loss.
Reclassification offinancial assets
The Company determines classification offinancial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. Afterinitial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments andfinancial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only ifthere is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business modelare expected to be infrequent. The Company's senior management determines change in thebusiness model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company'soperations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurswhen the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations.If the Company reclassifies financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from thereclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following thechange in business model. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses(including impairment gains or losses) or interest.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheetif there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is anintention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
Derivatives that are not designated as hedges
The company enters into certain derivative contracts to hedge risks which are not designated ashedges. Such contracts are accounted for at fair value through profit or loss and are included in othergains/(losses)
3. Critical estimates and judgements
The preparation of financial statements requires the use of accounting estimates which, by definition,will seldom equal the actual results. Management also needs to exercise judgement in applying theCompany's accounting policies.
This note provides an overview ofthe areas that involved a higher degree of judgement or complexity,and of items which are more likely to be materially adjusted due to estimates and assumptions turningout to be different than those originally assessed. Detailed information about each of these estimatesand judgements is included in relevant notes together with information about the basis of calculationfor each affected line item in the financial statements.
The areas involving critical estimates or judgements are:
• Estimation of current tax expense and payable
• Estimated useful life of intangible asset
• Estimation of defined benefit obligation
Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated. They are based on historical experience and otherfactors, including expectations of future events that may have a financial impact on the company andthat are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
DANLAW TECHNOLOGIES INDIA LIMITEDNotes forming part ofthe financial statements
(All amounts are in K lakhs, except share data and where otherwise stated)
31 Capital and Financial risk management objectives and policies
A. Capital Management
The Company's objective for capital management is to maximise shareholders value, safeguard business continuity and support the growth ofthe Company. The Company determines the capital requirement based on annual operating plans and long-term and other strategicinvestment plans. The funding requirements are met through equity, operating cash flows generated and loans from institutions.
B. Financial Risk Management Framework
The Company's principal financial liabilities, comprise borrowings, trade and other payables. The main purpose of these financial liabilities isto finance the Company's operations. The Company's principal financial assets include trade and other receivables, and cash and cashequivalents that derive directly from its operations.
The Company is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk which may adversely impact the fair value of its financial instruments.The Company assesses the unpredictability of the financial environment and seeks to mitigate potential adverse effects on the financialperformance of the Company.
Market Risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Thevalue of a financial instrument may change as a result of changes in the foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Future specificmarket movements cannot be normally predicted with reasonable accuracy.
Foreign currency risk
The company operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from foreign currency transactions, primarily withrespect to US$, Euros and GBPs . Foreign exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions and recognised assets and liabilitiesdenominated in a currency that is not the functional currency (INR). The risk is measured through a forecast of highly probable foreigncurrency cash flows. The objective of the company is to minimize the volatility of the INR cash flows of highly probable forecast transactions.
Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in marketinterest rates. The Company's exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the Company's short-term debtobligations with floating interest rates.
Interest rate sensitivity
The following table demonstrates the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in interest rates on that portion of loans and borrowingsaffected with all other variables held constant, the Company's profit before tax is affected through the impact on fixed rate borrowings, asfollows:
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk that counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to a financialloss. Credit risk encompasses of both, the direct risk of default and the risk of deterioration of creditworthiness as well as concentration ofrisks. Credit risk is controlled by analyzing credit limits and creditworthiness of customers on a continuous basis to whom the credit has beengranted after obtaining necessary approvals for credit. Financial instruments that are subject to concentrations of credit risk principally consistof trade receivables, investments, cash and cash equivalents, bank deposits and other financial assets.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk refers to the risk that the Company cannot meet its financial obligations. The objective of liquidity risk management is tomaintain sufficient liquidity and ensure that funds are available for use as per requirements. The Company manages liquidity risk bymaintaining adequate reserves, banking facilities and reserve borrowing facilities, by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows,and by matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities. The table below summarises the maturity profile of the Company'sfinancial liabilities based on contractual undiscounted payments.
There are no financial instruments of the company that are subsequently measured at fair value.
Fair value hierarchy
Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) orindirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
Level 3 - Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).
The carrying values of the current financial assets and current financial liabilities are taken as fair values because of their short term natureThe fair of non current financial assets is determined by using the discounted cash flow method by the management* The above said shortfall amount has been transferred to Unspent CSR account within 30 days from the end of the financial year. The samewill be spent on the ongaoing project with in the prescribed time period.
37 Other Statutory Information
1 There are no proceedings initiated or pending against the company as at March 31, 2025, under Prohibition ofBenami Property Transaction Act, 1988 (As amended in 2016)
2 The Company do not have any transactions with companies struck off as per Section 248 of the CompaniesAct, 2013 and Section 560 ofthe Companies Act, 1956
3 No immovable property is held by the Company except building which is constructed on leased land and leaseagreements are duly executed in favour ofthe company.
4 The Company has been sanctioned working capital limits (non-fund based) in excess of five crore rupees, inaggregate, from banks on the basis of security of current assets. The quarterly returns or statements filed bythe Company with such banks are in agreement with the books of account of the Company and found nomaterial discrepancies.
5 The Company have not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.
6 The company has complied with CSR provisions as per sec. 135 ofthe Companies Act, 2013
7 The Company has not declared/paid any dividend during the year
8 The Company has not been declared wilful defaulter by any bank or financial institution or government or anygovernment authority. The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registeredwith Registrar of Companies beyond the statutory period.
9 The Company have not any such transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has beensurrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961(such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions ofthe Income Tax Act, 1961.
10 The Company have not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), includingforeign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether
recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any mannerwhatsoever by or on behalf ofthe Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf ofthe Ultimate Beneficiaries
11 The Company have not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), includingforeign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by oron behalf ofthe company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like toor onbehalfofthe Ultimate Beneficiaries
As per our report of even date attached for and on behalf of the Board of Directors of
Danlaw Technologies India Limited
For CSVR & ASSOCIATES
Chartered Accountants Raju S. Dandu AVRKVarma
FRN: 012121S Chairman & Wholetime Chief Financial Officer
DirectorDIN:00073484
(CA.VENKATESH G.)
Partner Seshagiri Rao Putrevu Gaurav Padmawar
Membership No: 239608 Director Company Secretary
DIN: 10743708 Membership No: ACS 44421
Place: HyderabadDate : 23-05-2025